Basic Principles of Library Building Design: Some of the basic principles of library building design are mentioned below-
a) Functional Design: A library building should have functional
design rather than a monumental one. There should be provision for documents,
users, staff, and service areas. There
should be areas for senior professional’s rooms, library staff, seminar room,
binding section, reprographic section, digital library section with additional
areas for acquisition section, technical section, reference section, reading
room, room for stack book, circulation section, etc.
b) Open Access: The availability of the number of library staff,
the user demand and the type of collection are the deciding factors for a
library to go for open access or closed access system. In a closed access
library the users are prohibited to enter the library, they should write their
demands in some slips. The building design for open access is also considered
useful for closed access system. However, vice versa is not true. But, in both
the closed and the open access systems, library property counter and some such
a thing are a must, because the users are free to enter the reading room and
the periodical section in both the cases. Both the systems require that the
library building should have a single entrance and one exit point for keeping a
proper control on incoming and outgoing users. The whole building should be accessible
from the entrance to different parts of the building by means of simple and
easy to understand plan requiring only a few directions or guides. Doors and
windows should be protected by means of wire fabric to avoid any loss of books.
c) Future Growth: A library building should be planned for at least
next 20 years, keeping in view the rate of collection development, number of
readers, technology enhancements, etc. The building should be extendable to
allow for future growth with minimum of disruption. There should also be adequate provision for future expansion, both
horizontally and vertically.
d) Flexible: There should be the means of interchangeability of all
major stack areas, service areas, reading room, and staff areas. The whole
design should be such that if any change in library function takes place in
future it will be possible to adjust the layout without carrying out major
structural operations. There should be no interior load bearing walls but the
building should be able to bear the stack load anywhere.
e) Air-conditioning, Lighting and Noise: Uniform standards of
lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, noise prevention, communications,
fumigation and flooring are necessary to meet the criteria of
interchangeability. The natural light should come inside the whole building
throughout the day time. Outside or background noises generally cannot be
controlled except by double glazing which involves air conditioning. The inside
noise of human voice, equipment and mechanical device, impact of footsteps,
banging of doors should be reduced by using insulating materials and devices,
use of acoustical material for walls and ceilings in corridors, reading rooms
and work rooms. Use of proper floor coverings is also essential.
f) Modular Design: A building on modular system is the one which is
supported by columns placed at regular interval. The basic dimensions of
library building should be in multiples or submultiples of some module/column.
Even while only the columns are load bearing inside the building, outside walls
may also bear the load. Columns, stairways, lifts, hearing facilities, plumbing
and ducts are all fixed and everything else is movable. Thus, the modular
system leads to flexibility.
g) Economic: The design should be such that the operation of the
library can be carried out with the minimum of staff and finance. The windows
should be covered with net.
h) Secure: The building should be free from dust, dirt, and
cobwebs. To deal with other vermin the best remedy would be to have a rat proof
building. The water may not enter the stack room either through ventilators and
windows or due to leakage of roof. The stacking material should be fire proof.
Sufficient number of fire extinguishers and fire buckets should be fixed at
various strategic places in the building. The library building should also be
designed to guard against some detrimental habits of the readers, visitors and
outsiders.
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