Collection Development: The Library housekeeping operation or Technical works of a library handle those tasks associated with bringing materials into the library and making them ready for use for the general public or for the service population and thus include the job of identification, selection, acquisition, organization of the collection (classification and cataloguing) and preparation (labeling and others), covering, security processing, and/or distribution of materials. Within the purview of technical service also come such things as serials, binding / repair, copy cataloguing, original cataloguing, and gifts and exchange.
A
library, however large it may be, cannot store all the materials and all the
users of a library will not be interested in all the materials kept in it. All
the materials will not be used by all the users in a library. So, here arises
the need of selection of library materials.
The
library collection development is the process of planning and acquiring a
balanced collection of library materials of many formats, including books,
periodicals, online resources, and other media. It is sometimes considered as
synonymous to “Collection building”, which means that there are already nuclei
of collection in the library and the librarian is going to build up the
collection. But collection
development is a term different from collection building, since the word
“development” implies qualitative improvement of the collection, whereas
building a collection is likely to mean the planned and systematic development
of an already existing collection. It occasionally involves the selection and
acquisition of materials, as said by Shipman. Harrod’s Librarian Glossary (6th edition) defines “collection
development” as “the process of planning a stock acquisition programme not
simply to cater for immediate needs but to build a coherent and reliable
collection over a number of years, to meet the objective of the service”.
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Exponential Growth: Growth becoming faster and faster. |
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The
proliferation of publications in various physical formats made the exponential
growth of literature and all these materials are the record of
intellectual endeavours on one hand and on the other hand these are the vehicle
of communication for transmission of information and knowledge. Since the basic
purpose of the library is to facilitate the process of communication so all the
above materials should be collected to help grow the library holding and to
meet the ever increasing need and requirement of the users as far as possible.
This continuous process of acquiring the reading material is known as collection development. Collection
development is an expansion of book selection by enlarging the kinds of
materials to which selection principles have been applied, making the
collection a total holding at any particular point. It is also a process of
maintaining a balanced, consistent and user responsive collection in the
library.
The
process of collection development includes selection of current as well as
retrospective material, weeding out of obsolete, irrelevant, unused and
not-to-be-used materials. Evaluation of existing holding should be made for the
identification of adequacy and gaps. The gaps should be filled according to the
user’s need.
Paul
Mosher explains collection development as “a process that should constitute a
rational documented programme guided by written policies and protocols and
should reflect in sense a contrast between library users and library staff as
to what will be acquired, for whom and at what level”.
Collections are developed by
librarians and library staff by buying or otherwise acquiring materials over a
period of time, based on the assessment of the information needs of the
library's users. In addition to ongoing materials acquisition, library
collection development includes:
i) The creation of policies to
guide material selection.
ii) Replacement of worn or lost
materials.
iii) Removal (weeding) of materials
no longer needed in the collection.
iv) Planning for new collections or
collection areas.
v) Cooperative decision-making with
other libraries or within library consortia.
a) Collection Development and Book
Selection: The librarian knows that collection development
begins with book selection. Some assume that they are same and the terms are
interchangeable; others assume that collection development is a broader term
for the same old job, namely, acquisition, but actually collection development
is very much different from the term “book selection” both conceptually and
operationally.
The
library collection and its development determine the nature and the
characteristics of the library not only in the holding but in service pattern
also. So the librarians should be acquainted with the user needs and
requirements and the users should be requested to advise the librarian about
their needs. In this way it is a two way job.
b) Objectives of Collection Development: The main
objectives of collection development are-
i) A library
should acquire and provide all the relevant reading materials to its clientele
so that the basic function of the library are fulfilled from the vast amount of
literature, which are also increasing day by day.
ii) A library
should acquire all other books on the related topics;
iii) A library
should contain all the reading materials pertaining to the history and culture
of a particular country, city, place or institution as the case may be.
c) Need of
Book Selection: The need of book
selection arises due to the following reasons-
i) The world of
book is so large that a library, however large and resourceful, cannot procure
all the materials published and available in the market;
ii) The library
collection is meant for the user of a particular library so that library
collection should commensurate with the need and requirement of the users;
iii) The
physical limitation of storage naturally imposes the necessity for selection.
d) Factors
that Influence Book Selection: Selection of the library materials is of
prime importance in a library. The librarians with the concern of library staff
and with the help of various user groups should perform the job of selection of
the library material. In selection process the following factors should be
considered:-
i) The Library: The kind, objectives,
size and goals of the library, specialization areas of the library;
ii) Users: Need and demand, requirement
and intellectual level of the users, the number of users;
iii) Existing Holding: The number of
books, its nature and characteristics which are already present in the
collection; the merits of the books which are going to be selected;
iv) Fund: The amount allotted for
acquisition of books/journals
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